B.: 1983, A non-medical approach to the prediction of distance from death’, Paper presented at the 7th ann. Sadder but wiser?’, Journal of Experimental Psychology 168, 441–485.īellP.: 1978, ‘Affective state, attraction, and affiliation: Misery loves happy company too’, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, 616–619.īelskyJ.: 1984, ‘The determinants of parenting - a process model’, Child Development 55, 83–96.īond, J. Y.: 1979, ‘Judgement of contingency in depressed and non-depressed students. Elation: 1972, ‘Depression and helping behavior’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 24, 91–101.ĪlloyL. It is concluded that society is more likely to flourish with happy citizens than with unhappy ones.ĪdermannD. Further, happiness buffers stress, thereby preserving health and lengthening life somewhat. It facilitates social contacts: in particular contacts with spouse and children.

Enjoyment of life seems to broaden perception, to encourage active involvement and thereby to foster political participation. These data do not allow definite conclusions, but do suggest several small yet noteworthy effects. Nevertheless, indications can be found in various studies covering other matters. No empirical investigations have yet focussed on consequences of happiness. Modern psychologists, however, tend to suggest positive effects: sharper awareness, more activity, better social functioning and better health.ĭata. In reaction, many of their contemporaries cried out that happiness is not good at all, because it turns people into ‘contented cows’ and undermines social bonds. Nineteenth century utilitarian philosophers considered happiness as the highest good (‘utility’ in their words) and claimed political priority for attempts to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

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